In a significant move to bolster its military capabilities, Croatia has announced its decision to send 30 M-84 tanks to Ukraine and buy 50 Leopard 2A8s. This dual action underscores Croatia’s commitment to modernising its defence forces while simultaneously aiding Ukraine amid ongoing conflicts.
Strategic Collaboration with Germany
Croatian Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Ivan Anušić engaged in talks with German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius during his inaugural visit to Berlin’s Bendler Block. They focused their discussions on acquiring 50 Leopard 2A8 main battle tanks from Germany to strengthen Croatia’s national defence. The two leaders signed a statement of intent that included a mutual support plan known as a “swap.”
This agreement will see Croatia providing Ukraine with the aforementioned 30 M-84 tanks along with 30 Yugoslav-designed M-84 and M-80 infantry fighting vehicles, spare parts, and ammunition. This strategic collaboration strengthens Croatia’s military position and reinforces its partnership with NATO allies, further exemplified by how Croatia sends 30 M-84 tanks to Ukraine and buys 50 Leopard 2A8s.
The M-84 Tank: A Brief Overview
The M-84, a modification of the Soviet T-72, boasts a robust design tailored for combat effectiveness and mobility. Powered by a 1,000-horsepower V-46TK diesel engine, the M-84 can reach speeds of up to 43 mph (70 km/h) with an operational range of approximately 310 miles (500 km). Its composite and spaced armour enhances protection against various projectiles, making it a formidable opponent on the battlefield.
With a primary armament of a 125 mm smoothbore gun, it can fire a range of ammunition types, including high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds and armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds. Additionally, it features a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and a roof-mounted 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun, offering versatility in combat situations.
Equipped with an advanced fire control system known as the SUV, the M-84 offers improved targeting accuracy compared to previous Soviet models. It also includes a laser rangefinder, ballistic computer, and night-vision capabilities, enhancing its combat effectiveness.
Despite its strengths, the M-84 lacks some of the advanced protection and situational awareness systems found in modern Western tanks. Nevertheless, its combination of firepower, mobility, and protection makes it adaptable for various combat environments, which will prove beneficial as Croatia sends 30 M-84 tanks to Ukraine and buys 50 Leopard 2A8s.
The Role of M-84 in Ukraine
Deploying the M-84 tanks in Ukraine adds a capable, albeit dated, platform to a high-intensity combat environment. The 125 mm gun can effectively penetrate the older, Soviet-era armour employed by Russian forces. However, the M-84 may face vulnerabilities against advanced anti-tank weaponry and drones currently used in Ukraine.
Its lack of reactive or active protection systems could hinder its performance against precision-guided munitions and missile threats. Despite these challenges, the M-84 can still provide valuable firepower to Ukrainian ground forces, especially in support roles for infantry or in providing indirect fire in less contested zones. Strategic positioning and supportive tactics will be crucial as Croatia sends 30 M-84 tanks to Ukraine and buys 50 Leopard 2A8s.
Transitioning to Leopard 2A8 Tanks
Croatia’s acquisition of 50 Leopard 2A8 tanks represents a significant step towards modernising its military capabilities. The first batch is expected to arrive by 2026, which aligns Croatia’s military with NATO standards. Defence Minister Mario Banožić emphasised the importance of this acquisition, stating, “This will significantly enhance our military capabilities, ensuring interoperability with NATO forces and marking a new era for Croatia’s ground forces.” Furthermore, Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković highlighted the long-term strategic value of the purchase, describing it as essential for keeping the military modern and resilient against new security challenges.
The Leopard 2A8, the latest evolution of Germany’s Leopard tank family, is designed for high-intensity modern combat. It features a powerful MTU MB 873 Ka-501 liquid-cooled V12 diesel engine that produces approximately 1,500 horsepower. This engine allows the tank to reach speeds of up to 45 mph (70 km/h) while maintaining an operational range close to 300 miles (500 km).
Advanced Features of Leopard 2A8
The Leopard 2A8 boasts a state-of-the-art fire control system, equipped with the EMES 15 stabilised main sight and the FERO Z18 auxiliary sight. These systems give the tank excellent accuracy in detecting and hitting targets. The tank’s laser rangefinder and thermal imaging systems operate day and night to ensure precise identification of enemies at long range.
The 120mm L/55 smoothbore gun fires various NATO-standard rounds, including APFSDS and HEAT types. It carries a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun for close defence. The tank uses active protection systems like Trophy APS to intercept incoming threats.
Its modular composite armour resists kinetic and explosive attacks. A digital C4I system improves battlefield communication and coordination. The Leopard 2A8 combines strong firepower with advanced protection in modern tank warfare.
Conclusion
Croatia will send 30 M-84 tanks to Ukraine and buy 50 Leopard 2A8s. This shows Croatia’s commitment to modernising its military and supporting Ukraine. The move boosts national defences and deepens cooperation with NATO allies.
Leopard 2A8 tanks will greatly enhance Croatia’s military strength. They will also improve interoperability with NATO forces against emerging threats. Switching to modern Western tanks strengthens Croatia’s regional military presence.
It reinforces Croatia’s strategic importance within NATO’s defence framework. Sending M-84 tanks to Ukraine shows strong solidarity with a partner under pressure. It also underscores Croatia’s dedication to peace and stability in the region.
References
- Anušić, I. (2024). Croatia’s Military Modernisation The Acquisition of Leopard Tanks. Military Review Journal.
- Pistorius, B. (2024). Joint Defence Initiatives: Croatia and Germany Collaborate. Defence Today.
- Plenković, A. (2024). Modernising Croatia’s Military Forces. Croatian Defence News.
